Suchergebnisse

Przekład obszernego wstępu do książki Nicholasa Browna Autonomy. The Social Ontology of Art under Capitalism. W punkcie wyjścia swoich rozważań badacz umieszcza oczywistą obserwację, że współcześnie dzieło sztuki co do zasady jest również towarem, czyli funkcjonuje lub może zacząć funkcjonować na rynku w podobny sposób, co reszta towarów. W kontrze do tego, co uznaje za dominującą ideologię estetyczną współczesności, czyli zrównywania dzieła ze wszystkimi innymi towarami, Browna interesuje to, czy między dziełem sztuki a całą resztą produktów cyrkulujących na rynku, między dziełem a kapitalistycznym towarem, możemy stwierdzić jakąś niezbywalną (niesprowadzalną do różnic punktów widzenia, opinii itp.) ontologiczną różnicę. Jak przekonuje za Marksem, Heglem, Kantem oraz Walterem Bennem Michaelsem, tym czymś, co pozwala odróżnić dzieło sztuki od reszty towarów, jest jego znaczenie, tożsame z intencją jego autora, którego nie sposób sprowadzić do wartości użytkowej. Takie ujęcie różnicy między dziełem sztuki a towarem pozwala następnie Brownowi bronić centralnego dla jego książki rozumienia autonomii estetycznej.

In 1960, moving from a series of senior positions in government to the Australian National University, the Australian economist J. G. Crawford took a leading role in shaping official policies of international aid and assistance within the Australian bureaucracy, in association with national and international non-governmental agencies, and in raising awareness of underdevelopment among community-based groups within Australia. Contributing to the consolidation of development economics in Australia, he also navigated between an awareness that "in underdeveloped areas the choices are almost always difficult and often cruel" and a pragmatic approach to issues of hunger, overpopulation, social instability, political conflict and the technical interventions of the "green revolution". This article works out from Crawford's role to assess the institutional, social and cultural networks that supported aspects of Australian engagement with underdevelopment and aid through this period, and through this examination, it accounts for some of the distinctive features of Australian Cold War internationalism.

Beginning from an analysis of the anomalous position of music within Hegel's system of aesthetics—a position that brings forth the peculiar quality of music as a medium—this essay asks how we are to conceive of musical meaning in an era when music's relation to the market must be considered not separate from its formal specificity, but part as of the medium of music itself.

THE HEGELIAN THEOREM OF THE "IDENTITY OF IDENTITY AND DIFFERENCE" SUGGESTS THE JUXTAPOSITION OF TWO DIFFERENTS AUTHORS: AN AMERICAN LATE MODERNIST (WILLIAN GADDIS, 1985) AND AN ANGOLAN WRITER (PEPETELA, 1992). BOTH THE NOVELS POSE A IMPLICIT QUESTION, HISTORICAL AND FORMAL, ABOUT THE LITERARY REPRESENTATION OF THE POLITICAL CONTEMPORARY EXPERIENCE DEGRADED UNDER THE CAPITAL. ; O TEOREMA HEGELIANO DA "IDENTIDADE DE IDENTIDADE E DIFERENÇA"SUGERE A JUSTAPOSIÇÃO DE DOIS AUTORES DIVERSOS: UM MODERNISTA TARDIO AMERICANO (WILLIAN GADDIS, 1985) E UM ESCRITOR ANGOLANO (PEPETELA, 1992). AMBOS OS ROMANCES TRAZEM UMA QUESTÃO IMPLÍCITA, HISTÓRICA E FORMAL, SOBRE A REPRESENTAÇÃO LITERÁRIA DA EXPERIÊNCIA POLÍTICA CONTEMPORÂNEA REBAIXADA SOB ÉGIDE DO CAPITAL.

Three figures — the student, the expert and the peacekeeper — have provided influential frameworks through which Australians have conceptualised their relations with the world since 1945. Each has defined points of intersection between prevailing values in Australian civil society and understandings of international change as offering opportunities and challenges in articulating national interests. This article places each of these figures in their context, and in a sequence which suggests that each served to resolve uncertainties regarding international engagement while also generating new tensions. Tracing these effects illuminates the cultural transitions that have selectively determined how international issues have been comprehended and the roles Australians have perceived for themselves in relation to them.

With an increasing emphasis being placed on regional programs aimed at reducing the income and employment disparities that exist between and within Provinces of Canada, there is an accompaning interest in the way in which development of outdoor recreation resources can facilitate achievement of Provincial and Federal goals in this area. This requires an understanding of the regional development process and the linkages that connect programs with policy goals. Only with this information can planning and resource allocation be undertaken in a judicious manner. A review of the literature reveals that there is a lack of appreciation of the types of social and economic impacts generated by development of outdoor recreation resources, and of their probable magnitude. Some researchers suggest that outdoor recreation may provide the panacea for certain depressed rural areas, while others conclude that there is no clear evidence to support such a hypothesis. Furthermore, most studies concentrate on visitor expenditure impacts, neglecting the effects of capital and operational expenditures which may form a large part of the total income and employment generated by an extensive type of outdoor recreation development. Finally data on the comparative impacts of alternative resource development programs must be available to policy makers so that they can realistically evaluate the options. This background should lead to increased efficiency and equity from public decisions for given cost levels. The purpose of this research is to provide data on these questions by analyzing the regional impacts generated from the development and operation of Hecla Provincial Park, an extensive Government recreation area in the Interlake region of Manitoba. The period investigated is 1969 to 1977. A general theoretical framework of the social and economic impacts which can result from outdoor recreation developments is established, and from a consideration of the Federal and Provincial Government objectives in regional development, the ...